Scientific journal
Название журнала на английском
ISSN 2500-0802
ПИ №ФС77-61154

STUDY OF TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES IN PERM ANIMAL STYLE

Koshaev N.V. 1
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education «Moscow State Academy of Art and Industry
The article describes technical and technological features of medieval bronze in Kama region, as one of the most ancient production zones of Ural. It was formed on the basic knowledge of copper and bronze casting. Archeologists collected thousands of copper and bronze objects from different parts of the Kama region, dating from the beginning with the Eneolithic period until the late Middle Ages. To study the process of formation and development of this style, it was important to examine all features of bronze-casting in areas of existence. Article gives classification of copper and bronze items, production facilities, as well as devices used in the production cycle, like molding (crucibles, intakes, molds) and metal-forming (jewelry pliers, anvils, hammers, puncheons, etc.). Article gives materials on the historiography of the question. According to the analytical materials of the Upper Kama region obtained in the second half of XX - beginning of XXI century, designated the following statements: 1) existence of their own ore base in the population of the Upper Kama region; 2) local craftsmen were masters of various methods and techniques in ore-smelting. In most cases, this process was carried not in settlements, but in mining camps; 3) the ability of local craftsmen to build smelting facilities. Scientists traced the evolution of its design and variety (from pits to forges); 4) the use of standard set of casting tools (crucibles, intakes, etc.) by local craftsmen; 5) high social status of the master who works with metal; 6) local craftsmen used a variety of metal-forming techniques (granulation, filigree, inlaying with precious stones and glass, hammering, etc.); 7) analysis of the evolution in chemical composition of some artifacts, and conclusions about changes in the ability to make alloys.